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要約 目的:ロービジョン者への支援と視機能との関連について検討した結果を報告する。
対象と方法:対象はロービジョン者113例(女性65例/男性48例)で,平均年齢は63.1±20.1歳である。原因疾患は,緑内障35例,網膜色素変性26例,加齢黄斑変性15例,その他37例であった。良いほうの眼の平均logMAR視力は0.86±0.61(小数視力0.14),平均周辺視野角度は97.0±115.6度,平均中心視野角度は4.0±15.5度であった。支援はルーペ,遮光眼鏡,拡大読書器,スマートフォン/タブレット,歩行訓練の5つとし,それぞれ支援の適応あり,またはなしの2群で視力および視野に差があるか,統計学的検討を行った。
結果:遮光眼鏡適応あり群は,なし群に比べて有意に視力良好であった(p=0.02)。拡大読書器適応あり群は,なし群に比べて有意に視力不良であり(p<0.01),また周辺視野不良であった(p=0.046)。歩行訓練適応あり群は,なし群に比べて有意に視力不良であり(p=0.02),また周辺視野不良であった(p<0.01)。ルーペおよびスマートフォン/タブレットでは視力および視野とも両群間で有意差はみられなかった。
結論:ロービジョン者に対する各種支援のニーズは,視力や視野と関連するものがある一方,関連が明らかでないものもみられ,就業・就学や本人の関心事など,視機能以外の要素を含めて決定されている可能性がある。
Abstract Purpose:In this study, we aim to examine the various supports used in individuals with low vision and their correlation with visual function.
Subjects and Methods:The study included 113 individuals with low vision(65 women and 48 men)with an average age of 63.1±20.1 years. The causes of low vision were glaucoma(35 cases), retinitis pigmentosa(26 cases), age-related macular degeneration(15 cases), and others(37 cases). The better eye's average logMAR visual acuity was 0.86±0.61(decimal visual acuity 0.14), the average peripheral visual field angle was 97.0±115.6 degrees, and the average central visual field angle was 4.0±15.5 degrees. The support included magnifying lenses, shaded glasses, magnifying TV readers, smartphones/tablets, and walking practice. The patients were divided into two groups:those applicable for support and those not, to statistically examine differences in visual acuity and visual field angles.
Results:The shaded glasses-applicable group showed significantly better visual acuity compared to the non-applicable group(p=0.02). The magnifying TV reader-applicable group had significantly worse visual acuity(p<0.01)and peripheral visual fields(p=0.046)compared to the non-applicable group. The walking practice-applicable group had significantly worse visual acuity(p=0.02)and peripheral visual fields(p<0.01)compared to the non-applicable group. No significant differences were observed in visual acuity and visual fields between the groups for magnifying lenses and smartphones/tablets.
Conclusion:The need for various supports for individuals with low vision is related to visual acuity and fields;however, some associations are not clear, indicating that decisions may be determined by factors other than visual function, including employment, education, and personal interest.
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