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A case of 15 years of social withdrawal with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Tetsuaya Muto 1,2 , Shigeki Machida 1 , Shinichiro Imaizumi 2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center 2Imaizumi Eye Hospital pp.1725-1729
Published Date 2022/12/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410214664
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Abstract Purpose:We report a case of 15 years of social withdrawal(Hikikomori)with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Case:A 35-year-old man noticed cellulitis in the right leg during the Hikikomori and consulted a nearby physician. The patient was diagnosed with untreated diabetes and cellulitis in the right leg and he was referred to our hospital. At the initial visit, the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in both eyes and no abnormality was observed in the anterior segment of the eye. Soft exudates and blot hemorrhages were scattered in both retinas with subtle diabetic macular edema. Fluorescein angiography revealed some retinal neovascularizations out of the optic nerve head, and panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)was performed. The diabetic macular edema progressed after PRP and was treated with three injections of intravitreal aflibercept in both eyes. Vitreous hemorrhage was observed in the left eye, but it was absorbed later due to the PRP. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 in both eyes 14 months after the initial visit. The cause of Hikikomori remains unclear.

Conclusion:As the patient had not consulted any medical institutions during 15 years of Hikikomori, diagnosis and start of treatment were delayed. Ophthalmological consultation played a role of continuous contact with society for this patient and ambulatory seemed to be a step of Hikikomori.


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