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近年,てんかん病態をてんかん準備性とけいれん発現性の2つの病態に分けて考えるようになってきている。興奮性アミノ酸は,これらの病態との関係において注目されている神経伝達物質である。今回著者らは,猫扁桃核Kindlingモデルを用いて,興奮性アミノ酸(glutamate,aspartate)の脳内および髄液内変動を測定し,てんかん準備性とけいれん発現機序に関しての検討を行った。雑種成猫20匹をshamoperation群(Sh群),部分けいれん直後(S4群),全身けいれん直後(S6群),最終刺激2週間後(S6—2W群)の4群各5匹に分け,各群とも血液および髄液を採取し,両側扁桃核・大脳皮質・海馬・梨状葉・視床下部および下垂体・小脳・延髄を取り出し,高速アミノ酸分析計によりglutamateとaspartateを測定した。有意差のあったのは,S6群の髄液glutamateの上昇と脳内glutamateの両側扁桃核・海馬・梨状葉における減少のみであった。以上より,猫扁桃核Kindlingにおいて,てんかん準備期には興奮性アミノ酸の増減およびreleaseの増加はなく,全身けいれん発現時にglutamateが,てんかん焦点よりreleaseされることより,全身けいれん発現機序にglutamateが重要な役割を果たしている可能性が示唆された。
Recently epilepsy is analysed on terms of two different conditions, seizure susceptibility and seizure induction. Much attention has been paid to excitatory amino acids in these conditions. An examination was made of changes of glutamate and aspartate in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cat amygdaloid kindling model so as to determine whether excitatory amino acids arepossibly involved in seizure susceptibility and seizure induction.
Twenty crossbred adult cats were divided into four groups : a sham operation group (Sh) as the control, just after stage 4 seizure group (S4), just after stage 6 seizure group (S6), and stage 6 group 2 weeks after the last stimulation (S6-2W). CSF, blood and 13 individual brain regions were taken at 9+4℃, and their glutamate and aspartate contents were meansured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Glutamate concentration was significantly higher in the S6 group than in the Sh group in CSF and less in the S6 group than in the Sh group in the left and right amygdala, hippocampus and piriform cortex. No aspartate could be detected in the CSF of any group, nor did it change signi-ficantly in the blood or brain.
Based on the above results, the content and release of glutamate and aspartate apparently do not change in seizure susceptibility and glutamate is released from kindled tissues in seizure induc-tion, thus showing it to be involved in seizure induction in a cat amygdaloid kindling.
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