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I.緒言
先天性皮膚欠損症はまれな疾患である。1826年Camp—bell1)が初めて報告して以来まれながらも欧米では,本邦に比して比較的多くの症例が報告されている。Weinbergand Gillelson2)は1954年これまでに文献上134例を集計し,Walker等3)は1960年213例を集計している。しかしながら,本邦では1931年難波4)が初めて報告して以来現在まで21例を数えるに過ぎない。このうち先天的に頭蓋骨の欠損を合併したもの,すなわち,先天性頭皮・頭蓋骨欠損症(Congenital defect of scalp and skull)はさらに少なく,極めてまれである。欧米では,1828年 Billiad5)が初めて報告して以来1956年までConway and Johnson6)が自験例2例を加えて文献上24例を集計して報告しているが,本邦においては私共の調べ得た範囲内では一例も見られず,本邦最初の報告のようである。ただし,先天的に頭皮が欠損しているが,頭蓋骨の欠損が認められないものは現在まで三例4)7)8)報告されている。
最近,私共はきわめてまれな先天性頭皮・頭蓋骨欠損症を診断し,術後良好な経過をとつている一例を経験したので.これを報告し.併せて文献的考察を加える。
Congenital defect of the skin (Aplasia cutis congenita) is one of the most rare and interesting abnormalities. It occurs most commonly in the scalp and appears as a small ulcerative area of skin at the vertex according to foreign reports, however, in Japan all but three cases (86%) have this skin defect on the trunk or limbs.
The combined osteocutaneous defect of the head, on the other hand, is extremely rare. The first case was reported by C. M. Billiard in 1828. In 1956 Conway and Jonson reported the data in 22 collected cases and in two additional cases of their own. In Iapan, however, there has been until now no such sase, and our case seems to be the first one.
A newborn boy, two days old, was referred to our Yokohama City University Hospital on November 24, 1970. He was born as a full term baby, weighing 3250 g., after an uneventful pregnancy. At the delivery he failed to breathe, but recovered soon after the resuscitation. At birth a family obste-trician found a punched-out, oval shaped (2.2 × 3.0 cm in size), osteocutaneous defect involving the midline of the suboccipital region. On admission to our University Hospital inflammatory changes were noted at the ulcerative area and cerebellum was partly seen through a thin half-transparent membrane. Emergency operation was carried out and good results were obtained by rotating scalp flaps over the defect and using antbiotics.
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