躁うつ病者の犯罪特徴—地検起訴前鑑定9年間の分析

Mood Disorders and Crime

　【抄録】1981年から1989年までの9年間の関東C地方検察庁管内におけるすべての起訴前精神鑑定例，いわゆる簡易鑑定例620例のうち，躁うつ病例20例について資料をまとめた。鑑定総数に占める割合は約3％であり，鑑定数第1位である精神分裂病132名の1割強にすぎなかった。犯行時の躁うつ病の病相分類は，躁うつ病20例中単極型躁状態に当たる者が2例（10％），双極型躁状態が6例（30％），単極型うつ状態が6例（30％），双極型うつ状態が5例（25％），双極型病間期が1例（5％）だった。躁状態は，暴力犯3例，財産犯3例，破壊犯が2例だった。うつ状態は，暴力犯7例，財産犯3例，破壊犯1例で，病間期は財産犯1例であった。発病犯行期間に関しては，精神分裂病群と躁うつ病群では差はなく，両群とも約10年強であった。躁うつ病群では，精神分裂病群より有意に女性の比率が高く，殺人の比率も有意に高かった。犯罪歴では精神分裂病群が躁うつ病群よりも有意に高かった。精神科治療歴では有意な差はなかった。躁うつ病例の中で，うつ病者では，女性による母子心中を意図した殺人が特徴的であり，躁病者では，男性による暴力犯罪（殺人を除く）の累犯が特徴的であるように思われる。なお，うつ病者犯罪の犯行時刻は，従来言われてきたように早朝に多くはなく，比較的分散されていた。内因性うつ病といえども，犯行時には家人の留守という環境的要因が重要であり，犯罪防止の点で考慮されるべきことを指摘した。

　Manic-depressive cases among 620 cases of crime examined at the C district Public Prosecutor's Office before prosection during the 9 years from 1981 to 1989 were studied. 20 persons or 3% of the total of 620 cases were manic-depressive. The phase of these 20 manic-depressive cases at the time of their crimes were classified as monopolar-manic state in 2 cases (20%), bipolar-manic state in 6 cases (30%) , monopolar-depressive state in 6 cases (30%) , bipolar-depressive state in 5 cases (25%) and bipolar-convalescent state in 1 case (5%). In manic cases, authors found offenses against persons in 3 cases, offenses against property in 3 cases, offenses by destruction in 2 cases. In depressive cases, we found offenses against persons in 7 cases, offenses against property in 3 cases, offenses by destruction in 1 case. In the convalescent stage-case, we found 1 offense against property. The manic-depressive group had a higher ratio of females to the whole, and a greater tendency to commit murder than was found in the schizophrenic group. The schizophrenic group had a higher ratio of persons with criminal records than we found in the manic-depressive group (all manic-depressive cases who had histories of crime were in the manic state). Referring to the type of crime it seems that, in depressive cases, the marked characteristic is murder by females. Recidivism in violence by males is the marked characteristic in manic cases. In all depressive murder cases, mathers tried to commit double suicides with their children. The time of their committing the crime was not concentrated in the early morning hours, but at a time when other persons (especially their husbands) were away from home, and the factor of the environment was apt to influence the offender in depressive murder cases. This factor of the environment is very important in crime prevention.