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患者は33歳の男性で,水痘疹出現後7日目に呼吸困難が出現したためICUに入院した.胸部X線写真上に両肺野にびまん性陰影を認め,動脈血ガス分析では酸素3l/分投与下でPaO2 39.1mmHgと低酸素血症を呈し,水痘による間質性肺炎と診断された.治療はメチルプレドニゾロンのパルス療法,γ-グロブリン製剤,抗ウイルス剤,抗生物質で行った.人工呼吸管理目的でICU入室となったが,ステロイド投与後より利尿が得られ,呼吸困難が改善してきたため人工呼吸は行わなかった.胸部CT写真で背側の無気肺が認められたため,腹臥位による呼吸管理を行い著明なPaO2の改善が得られた.患者は入室8日目にICUを軽快退室した.成人に発症した水痘は重症化することが多く,特に肺炎を合併しやすい.今回の症例では,ステロイドパルス療法と背側無気肺に対する腹臥位管理が有用であった.
A case of varicella interstitial pneumonia was report-ed. The patient was a 33-year-old male who was admitted to our ICU complaining of severe dyspnea. He suffered from general skin eruption, fever and general fatigue. PaO2 was 39.1 mmHg under 8 l/min of oxygen via face mask. Chest X ray revealed nodular infiltrate in both lungs. He was diagnosed as having varicella interstitial pneumonia and treated with high doses of methylprednisolone, aciclovir, γ-globulin, and antibi-otics. Because diffuse atelectasis in the dorsal region of the lung was revealed by a CT scan film of the chest, prone position respiratory care was carried out. These therapies were quite effective and pulmonary symptom was improved markedly without endothracheal intuba-tion. The patient was discharged from ICU on the 8th day.
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