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螺旋走査型CTによる3次元(3D)画像が,冠動脈バイパスグラフト開存性を非侵襲的にスクリーニングできるかを検討した.はじめに血管ファントムを作成し,ファントムの方向,走査条件,3D画像再構成条件,振り子運動が画像に与える影響を検討した結果,ビーム幅3mm,テーブル移動速度2mm/秒,1mm厚2次元画像作成,下限CT値50〜100の再構成条件で,ファントム方向に影響されず,ほぼ正確な画像が作成できた.走査条件を緩めると,走査面垂直方向の径が過大評価された.振り子運動下では2つの不連続画像が描出されたが,計測値はほぼ正確であった.次に大伏在静脈グラフト(SVG)35本,内胸動脈グラフト(ITAG)27本を対象に,3D画像と血管造影を比較検討した結果,SVGで感度92.6%,ITAGで感度78.9%,特異度は両者とも100%と良好な成績を得た.以上より螺旋走査型CTによる3D画像は,バイパスグラフト開存の非観血的スクリーニングとして有用であると考えられた.
In this study, we applied the three dimensional (3D) reconstructed images of helical scanning computed tomography (CT) for patency evaluation of aortocor-onary bypass grafts. From the experiments using a phantom model representing a vessel with a 2 mm inner diameter, an optimal scanning condition was established to reconstruct images with acceptable accuracy: X-ray beam width, 2 mm; velocity of patient's table move-ment 3 mm/sec: thickness of reconstructed two-dimen-sional (2 D) image, 1 mm; lower cut-off CT number, 50-100 HU. A phantom model with pendulum movement was prepared to evaluate the effect of cardiac move-ment on the quality of reconstructed images. This model revealed that 3 D reconstruction and image analy-sis were possible, although continuity of images was disrupted to some extent. Using the scanning condition determined from these phantom experiments, 3 D images were prepared in 23 patients with aortocoronary grafts and compared with the findings of coronary angiography. Patency of bypass grafts was identified in 25 out of 27 saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and in 15 out of 19 internal mammary artery grafts (ITAG) (sensitivity in SVG and ITAG was 92.6% and 78.9%, respectively). Image reconstruction failed in all occluded arteries (specificity was 100%in both SVG and ITAG). These results clearly suggest that 3 D-reconstructed images of helical CT is a useful method to evaluate the patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts non-invasively and accu-rately.
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