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クローン病(Crohn病)は慢性進行性の疾患で,原因不明であるため確実な治療法はなく,しばしば保存的療法に抵抗し,また外科手術も再発率が高く,治療のきわめて困難な疾患である.本症の症状・病態は主として病変の部位,範囲,活動性,狭窄その他の器質的変化などによって左右されるものである.治療はまず対症的に炎症をなるべくおさめ,症状を軽快させて病変の進行をできるだけおくらせ,また二次的に起こった代謝・栄養上の病態の改善をはかることである.これらによってできるだけ長期にわたり症状を緩解させ,社会復帰ができるようにすることが目的であり,一挙に疾病を根本から治すことは困難である,外科療法は主として器質的変化による障害を除去する一手段として適応を選んで施行すべきものであり,病変の部位や程度によってその方法は一律ではない.
このように,クローン病の治療は今日ではまだ臨床的に満足できる段階にはなく,長期的予後は治療法よりも個々の症例における自然の推移によるところが大きいかもしれないが,各病態に応じてもっとも適する方法をいろいろ選択して治療を行い,相当に効果を期待できる場合もある.これまでのわが国におけるクローン病の治療経験は例数が少なく,長期的観察が一般に不十分であるが,欧米では多数例に関する長期観察もなされており,これらの論説と,少数ながら自験例の観察も含めて以下述べてみたい.
Although no specific therapy has been reported for Crohn's disease, the initial treatment of this disorder is generally medical.
But about 60~70% of patients eventually come to surgery on account of complications. According to the Survey by Crohn's disease Research Committee of Japan 1977, 120 of 127 cases exactly fulfilling diagnostic criteria underwent operation. Obstruction was the commonest indication for surgery followed by intractability.
Unfortunately, surgical therapy is not always curative and the rate of recurrence is usually high postoperatively. Resection is thought to be preferable to exclusion or bypass, if the local condition is allowable. Because complete removal of the area involved is not a guarantee against recurrence, massive bowel resection is not indicated for the extensive involvement of the small intestine.
During the recent four years, nine patients were diagnosed as having Crohn's disease at our surgical department. The sites of involvement were the ileum and colon in 5, the colon in 2 and the rectum in 2.
On these, 5 underwent operation (resection : 3, resection and exclusion ; 1, exclusion only : 1).
Symptomatic relief and improvement of the laboratory data were obtained immediately after each surgical procedure. Recurrence developed at an ileal segment remote from the anastomotic site in a patient having had resection for the ileal disease and exclusion of the rectum for the ileorectal fistula.
Discussion on the treatment and prognosis of Crohn's disease is presented with a review of the recent medical and surgical literature
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