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要旨●小腸炎症性腸疾患の診断には,まず肉眼所見による鑑別が重要である.潰瘍の有無とその形態から,①縦走潰瘍型,②輪状潰瘍型,③円形・卵円形潰瘍型,④炎症性ポリポーシス型,⑤浮腫・発赤・出血・びらん型,⑥腫瘍様隆起型,に分類され,さらに腸間膜との位置関係や潰瘍辺縁粘膜の所見,病理組織学的所見を合わせて鑑別すべき疾患を絞り込んでいく.本稿では,小腸に発生する炎症性疾患として主にCrohn病(CD),腸結核,腸管Behçet病/単純性潰瘍について,肉眼および組織所見の特徴や鑑別のポイントについて概説する.
Macroscopic findings play a crucial role in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel diseases. Lesions are classified into the following types based on the presence and morphology of ulcers:(1) longitudinal ulcer ; (2) circular ulcer ; (3) round-oval ulcer ; (4) inflammatory polyposis ; (5) edematous-erythematous-hemorrhagic-erosive ; and(6) tumor-like elevated type. The differential diagnosis is further narrowed by evaluating the ulcers' location relative to the mesentery, the mucosal findings at the ulcer margins, and histological results. The present article provides an overview of the macroscopic and histological features and highlights the key differentiating characteristics of inflammatory bowel diseases involving the small intestine, including Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis, and intestinal Behçet's disease/simple ulcer.

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