非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患患者のヘルスリテラシーやセルフケアおよびセルフケア能力の実態

Actual Health Literacy, Self-Care, and Self-Care Competence of Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

要旨

　目的：非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患（以下，NAFLD）患者のヘルスリテラシー（以下，HL），セルフケア，セルフケア能力に関する実態を調査した．

　方法：自立し受診している30歳〜65歳未満のNAFLD患者に無記名自記式質問紙調査を行った．HL，セルフケア能力と基本属性・特性についてt検定，一元配置分散分析，さらに，HL，セルフケア，セルフケア能力の相関を明らかにした．

　結果：分析対象者204名，有効回答率16.2％であった．HLは，就業，学歴，BMI，食事・運動指導を受けた経験の有無に，セルフケア能力は，性別，就業，学歴，食事・運動指導を受けた経験の有無による差がみられた．HLはセルフケア，セルフケア能力との間に弱い相関がみられた．

　結論：NAFLD患者へのセルフケア継続には，患者の属性・特性を捉え，セルフケアについて具体的な方法の提案が，効果的な支援になることが示唆された．

　Aim: This study investigated the actual situation of the lives of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including their health literacy, self-care, and self-care abilities.

　Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to independent and socially active patients aged 30-65 years with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during their medical visits. T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to explore the differences in health literacy and self-care ability based on basic attributes and characteristics. Furthermore, correlations between health literacy, self-care, self-care ability, as well as between self-care and self-care ability, were identified.

　Results: This study included 204 participants, with a valid response rate of 16.2%. Health literacy among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease differed according to employment, educational status, body mass index, prior diet, and exercise training. Self-care ability differed according to sex, employment status, educational status, prior diet, and exercise training. Health literacy was weakly correlated with self-care and self-care ability.

　Conclusions: Capturing the attributes and characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and suggesting specific self-care methods could effectively support the continuation of self-care for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.