新型コロナウイルス感染症による地域住民の生活や健康行動，保健師の活動への影響：質的記述的研究

Impacts of COVID-19 on the Lifestyles and Healthy Behaviors of Community-Dwelling People and the Activities of Public Health Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

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　目的：COVID-19感染拡大により地域住民の生活や健康行動に生じた影響、保健師の活動への影響、平常時から充実すべき保健師の活動について明らかにする。

　方法：Ａ市保健師7名にフォーカス・グループ・インタビューを行い、質的帰納的に分析した。

　結果：地域住民の生活や健康行動に生じた影響では【仲間・支援者との交流が少ない生活が習慣化する】【社会資源が利用できないところを家族が担う】等、保健師の活動に生じた影響では【踏み込んだ話ができるまで関係を深められない】【継続的な支援、健康課題の改善が困難になる】等、平常時から充実すべき保健師の活動では【地域のつながり・支え合う関係づくりを強化する】【思いやりのある次世代を育てる】等のカテゴリーが生成された。

　考察：健康課題の根底には関係の希化があり、平常時から保健師と住民、住民同士が関係を深め、ソーシャルキャピタルの醸成を図ることが非常時の住民の健康を支えると考える。

　Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the impacts of COVID-19 infection on the lifestyles and healthy behaviors of community-dwelling people and the activities of public health nurses (PHNs), and to identify the activities of PHNs that should be enhanced in normal situations.

　Methods: Data were collected through focus group interviews with seven PHNs in X city and analyzed qualitatively and inductively.

　Results: COVID-19 impacted communities in several ways, as follows: (1) peoples' lifestyles and healthy behaviors-living a life with little interaction with friends and supporters became the norm, as family members took over because social resources were unavailable, etc.; and (2) impact on PHNs' activities-relationships could not be strengthened, and continuous support and improving health issues became difficult, etc. (3) The activities of PHNs that should be enhanced in normal situations 　include: strengthening community ties, nurturing the next generation of compassionate people, etc.

　Discussion: Because the weakening of human relationships can lead to various health problems,　we believe that fostering social capital and strengthening relationships between PHNs and communitydwelling　people and between such people in normal times will support the health of people in the　community during times of crisis.