小児画像診療におけるAI研究の動向

Trends in artificial intelligence-based research in pediatric radiology

小児画像診断医は，小児期特有の解剖，疾患に精通し，画像技術等を駆使して診断を行うスペシャリストである。そのようなスペシャリストに人工知能のごく一部である深層学習（deep learning：DL）を利用したソフトウエア群（最近では，これらもAIと称されることが多い）がどのように寄与できているのだろうか？　または，どのような寄与が期待されているのだろうか？

Pediatric radiology requires advanced diagnostic expertise based on knowledge of developmental anatomical changes and pediatric-specific diseases. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence（AI）, particularly deep learning, has been expanding in this field. AI is expected to assist pediatric radiologists by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. Since 2015, AI studies in pediatric radiology have increased rapidly, with applications including neurodevelopmental disorder detection and bone age assessment. However, most studies remain single-center and retrospective, highlighting limitations in sample size and data quality. This article outlines research trends, applications, technologies, clinical validation, and future prospects in the field of pediatric radiology.