在宅高齢者・介護者の特性と訪問看護サービスの関連

The Relation between Characteristics of the Care-Required Aged and Home Nursing Care

　石川県F市立老人訪問看護ステーションから訪問を受けている要介護高齢者と介護者74名を対象に，以下の2点を目的に研究を行った.（1）在宅要介護高齢者の訪問看護によるケアの実態を把握する.（2）在宅要介護高齢者の特性とケア内容の関連を検討する．対象とした要介護高齢者は，後期高齢者が73％であり，主な疾患は脳梗塞の既往ありのものが58％と最も多く，ほぼ寝たきりのものが，40％であった．介護者は60歳以上のものが，60％を占めていた．要介護高齢者，介護者ともに高齢化が進み，看護・介護ケアを多く必要とするものが半数以上を占めていた．看護ケアの年間回数は，対象者の日常生活自立度が低いほど多く，家族数が多いほど多かった．また，主介護者が配偶者の場合に最も多かった．看護ケア内容は，対象者の日常生活自立度，家族数，主介護者の続柄により各ケア項目ごとの割合が異なっていた．訪問看護の回数は，悪性新生物の高齢者が有意に高くみられ，家族数や介護者の続柄，ADLとは関連がみられなかった．

　This study examined the relation between characteristics of the care-required aged and home nursing care. Two aims were generated for this study. (1) To consider about home nursing care for the care-required aged. (2) To consider about relation between characteristics of the care-required aged and home nursing care. Subjects were 74 clients who were taking nursing care of visiting nurse station in a prefecture. The results were as follows: (1) Their age was 79±8.3 years; 73% were over 75 years, 58% had cerebral infarction, and 40% were bedbound. And their caregivers age was 61±12.7 years; 60% were over 65 years. Most of the clients and their caregivers were high aged and they have needs for more nursing and home care. (2) Nursing care was related with daily living ability, age of main caregiver and the number of family members. The number of visiting home was correlated with the number of clients with cancer and not the number of family members, daily living ability and a relation of caregiver. It is important that estimating of nursing care from characteristics of their clients and caregivers. Then it will be able to consider about planning care and maintaining the number of staffs.