統合失調症患者における体内水分量に関する研究―病的多飲水患者と非多飲水患者との相違

A Study on the Internal Body Water Quantity of Schizophrenics: Differences between Polydipsiacs and Non-polydipsiacs

要旨

　本研究は，統合失調症患者のうち，病的多飲水患者と非多飲水患者，健常者の体内水分量の差異について，多周波数インピーダンス法(BIS法)を用いて探ることを目的とした．精神科病院入院中の，30～50歳代の統合失調症男性患者を対象としBIS測定を行った．比較対照群として，30～50歳代の健康な男性を対象とした．患者群の中から，独自に設定した基準に合致する者を多飲群とし，全く該当しない者を非多飲群とした．3者間で一元配置分散分析，多重比較を行った結果，体内水分割合は％ICFにおいて非多飲群が29.04±2.91と最低で，健常者群が35.15±3.77と最高であり，健常者群と多飲群，健常者群と非多飲群に有意差がみられた(p＜0.01)．以上から，統合失調症患者における体内水分量の特徴として，細胞内脱水傾向にあること，患者の口渇は％ICFの減少に伴う，生理的な欲求である可能性が示唆された．患者の体内水分量の分布は，非多飲群に比べて，多飲群のほうが広い範囲に分散していた．

Abstract

　Purpose：The purpose of the study was to examine differences in the internal body water quantity between polydipsiacs and non-polydipsiacs using Bioelectrical Impedance Spectrum method (the BIS method, hereafter).

　Method：The subjects of the study were a patient group of the schizophrenics in their 30's to 50's admitted to a mental hospital and their counter group of healthy males of the same age group. Those in the patient group were further divided into two groups, polydipsiacs and non-polydipsiacs, according to the researcher's criteria.

　Results：The one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison among the three groups showed that the non-polydipsiac group had the lowest ％ ICF in the internal body water ratio, while the healthy group had the highest；there were significant differences between the healthy and the polydipsiac groups as well as between the healthy and non-polydipsiac groups. Thus, it was implied that the internal body water quantity of schizophrenic patients has a tendency of dehydration inside the cells and that the patients'thirst may be a physiological need accompanied with a decrease in the ％ ICF. The internal body water quantity was more widely distributed for the polydipsiac group than for the non-polydipsiac group.