新たな多次元測定尺度による中年有職者の疲労の評価―疲労感と自己効力感の関連性

Evaluation of Tiredness in Middle-aged Workers Using a New Multidimensional Inventory：A Possible Correlation between the Severity of Tiredness and Degree of Self-efficacy

要旨

　既存の疲労測定尺度は，身体面と精神面の疲労因子から構成されているが，認知面および対人面にも疲労は表出される．本研究は，このような視点から，まず，疲労の程度を包括的に評価する4因子の多次元測定尺度を作成し，統計学的に検証した上で，疲労感に相補的な自己効力感との関連を検討することを目的とした．対象は，40～59歳の既婚有職者395人であり，検証的因子分析の結果，適合度指標RMSEA=0.067が得られ，構成概念妥当性は確保されていた．内的整合性も，尺度全体のCronbachのα係数値が0.945と良好であった．疲労感と自己効力感を構成する因子間の関連を正準相関分析した結果，有意な強い正準相関変数（λ=0.801）が得られ，失敗に対する不安と精神面，認知面，対人面における疲労得点との間に強い負の相関がみられた．自己効力感は，疲労感を軽減する方策を構築する際に重要と考える．

Abstract

　Various questionnaires examining physical and mental factors have been used to determine tiredness severity, although tiredness also has cognitive and interpersonal aspects. From this perspective, we propose a multidimensional inventory covering physical, mental, cognitive, and interpersonal dimensions for evaluating the severity of tiredness in middle-aged workers. Using this inventory and a general self-efficacy scale, we investigated the correlation between severity of tiredness and degree of self-efficacy. We examined 395 married study subjects (194 men, 201 women;age range 40--59 years) and determined the dimensional structure statistically using confirmatory factor analysis. The hypothesized four-factor model appeared to fit the data for all samples tested (root mean square error of approximation = 0.067) and had good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.945. There was a significant negative correlation between the total scores for the severity of tiredness and degree of self-efficacy. Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine possible correlations among factors on the two scales (4×3 factors), revealing a significant canonical variable (λ=0.801): “fear of failure” strongly correlated with mental, cognitive, and interpersonal factors. Our findings suggest that our multidimensional questionnaire is a useful tool for evaluating the severity of tiredness in middle-aged workers and that the degree of self-efficacy may play an important role in alleviating the severity of tiredness.