虚弱高齢者におけるセルフモニタリングを用いた転倒予防方法の検討

A fall prevention method using self-monitoring among the frail elderly

要旨：本研究では，セルフモニタリングによる効果的な転倒予防の指導方法を検討した．65歳以上の地域在住虚弱高齢者を対象に，3ヵ月間の介入研究を実施した．介入群は，転倒予防体操に加え活動スケジュール表の作成をした．コントロール群は，転倒予防体操のみであった．介入群は，①下肢筋力の向上や動的バランス能力の向上，歩行能力の向上，②認知機能の改善，③転倒恐怖感・転倒リスクの軽減，④身体的QOLの向上，⑤身体活動量の向上や社会参加活動の向上が認められた．虚弱高齢者に対する転倒予防の指導には，転倒予防の体操に加えセルフモニタリングをすることが効果的であった．

　In this study, we examined how to effectively prevent falls by self-monitoring. Three months of intervention were conducted for the frail elderly over 65 years old living in the area. For the intervention group, we created an activity schedule table and fall prevention gymnastics. The control group included fall prevention gymnastics only. The intervention group was divided into five groups: (1) improvement of muscular strength of lower limbs, improvement of dynamic balance ability, and improvement of walking ability; (2) improvement of cognitive function; (3) feeling of falls, and fear of falling;and (4) improvement of physical QOL, (5) Improvement of physical activity and social participation activities was recognized. In addition to physical exercises for fall prevention, teaching self-monitoring for fall prevention instruction for the frail elderly was effective.