神経性無食欲症に対する作業療法の関与

Occupational therapy for anorexia nervosa

要旨：様々な要因が影響して発症する摂食障害に対する治療は，包括的な対処が必要であるが，作業療法の役割は十分検討されていない．本稿は摂食障害の神経性無食欲症に的を絞り，文献分析により病気の特性，主な治療法をまとめ，作業療法の役割を検討した．作業療法は，①自尊心の育成促進，②対人関係の改善，③自己表現の機会，④自己愛充足，⑤集中力改善，⑥食を忘れて楽しむ時間の提供，⑦自己コントロール力育成，⑧ストレス対処法学習(適応的行動化を含む)，⑨歪んだ自己概念の改善(ボディイメージ改善を含む)，⑩自己同一性確立の促進，⑪生活技能学習(回復期)，⑫試行錯誤の機会提供，⑬健康な機能の強化という役割を果たすと考えられる．

　Because anorexia nervosa has various causes, treatment of a patient depends on what caused the condition. Recently, we have often treated anorexia nervosa in occupational therapy. However, the function and role of occupational therapy have not been adequately investigated. We focused on anorexia nervosa in this study, and examined documents relevant for an analysis of both the pathological characteristics of, and main treatment methods for this disease in order to determine the function and role of occupational therapy. The results suggest the following functions and roles of occupational therapy : ① Enhancement of self-respect, ② Improvement of interpersonal relationships, ③ Opportunity for self-expression, ④ Catering for narcissism, ⑤ Improvement of concentration, ⑥ Suggestions for pastimes, ⑦ Development of self-control, ⑧ Suggestions for adaptive acting out, ⑨ Improvement of self-concept (Improvement of body image), ⑩ Enhancement of self-identity, ⑪ Social skills training, ⑫ Chance of trial and error, ⑬ Improvement of health.