スピリチュアリティ論争の本質とそれが作業療法に提起するもの

A controversy on spirituality and what it proposes to occupational therapy practice

要旨：スピリチュアリティは生の意味や価値に関わる概念であり，宗教的，人生論的解釈を許容する多義的な内容を含む．またこの概念は，カナダの作業療法の実践モデルの中で人間のニーズの基層として，アメリカのそれにおいては作業を構成する文脈の1つとして位置づけられている．欧米の作業療法士によるスピリチュアル・ケアは，クライエントの自主的な回復過程を尊重して行われている．この概念は日本人にとって馴染み薄いが，同質な働きかけは日本の作業療法の実践の中にも見られる．またこれは作業療法に対して，①意味や生活の質と結びついた治療，②コミュニケーションの基盤，③新しいクライエント・治療者関係の構築を促進するように働く．

　Spirituality is a concept that relates meaning and value of life and contains the ambiguity of meanings that call up many religious and humanistic interpretations. It is taken as a basic concept to understand human needs in the Canadian occupational therapy framework. It is, however, understood as one of the contexts leading to the understanding of human occupations in the American occupational therapy framework. The spiritual care practiced by western occupational therapists regards clients' active recovery process as the most important factor of this therapy and is implemented within the technology that the occupational therapists have preserved.

　Although this concept does not declare itself as being a part of occupational therapy in Japan, similar therapeutic practices (employed with equal quality) can be observed in Japan. This concept seems to contribute to : (1) the establishment of therapeutic practice that connects with the meaning and worth of clients' lives, (2) the preparation for a basis enabling communication, and (5) the establishment of new client/therapist relationships.