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要旨:特別支援教育における小中学校の通常の学級への訪問活動時の妥当な観察手段が求められている.本研究の目的はOTが通常の学級を訪問した際に,対象児を取り巻く人的・物理的環境の「誰・どこ」を「どのように」観察するかについての環境因子観察項目を提示することである.研究Ⅰでは,訪問活動経験の豊富なOT 12名に対し半構成的インタビューを行い,KJ法にて分析した結果978の観察項目を生成した.研究Ⅱでは,全国のOT 51名に対し各項目の重要度をDelphi法に基づく3回のアンケートで調査した.その結果,99の観察項目が抽出され,環境因子観察項目が提示できた.本研究は,通常の学級の観察評価のための観察チェックリスト開発への一歩となった.
The importance of assessing valid observation methods is needed in special needs education. This study provides the observation items for the environmental equipment that assess “what/where” and “how” to observe the human and equipment environments when the OTs visit regular classrooms. The first study implemented a semi-structured interview for 12 OTs with ample experience visiting regular classrooms. The results of the interviews were analyzed by KJ-method, and 978 items were extracted. In the second study, the Delphi-method was implemented for 51 OTs nationwide with experience visiting regular classrooms utilizing 3 rounds of questionnaires on the importance of items obtained in the first study. The 99 items were obtained from the second study and arranged into observation items for the environmental equipment. This study provides a foundation for the development of observation checklists in visiting regular classrooms.
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