「誤嚥を起こさないための食事介助」における知識尺度の作成

Development of a scale to measure knowledge about mealtime assistance to prevent aspiration

　介護施設職員を対象とした誤嚥を起こさないための食事介助の知識の尺度を作成した．対象は北海道内の特別養護老人ホーム計15施設で，日常業務で食事介助を行っている看護・介護職員469名とし，誤嚥を起こさないための食事介助の知識について調査票にて調査を行った．探索的因子分析の結果，1因子構造と判断し，14項目が抽出された．因子分析の結果の評価，Cronbachのα係数，確認的因子分析の検討，基準関連妥当性の検討，いずれにおいても統計学的に十分な値であったことを確認した．本研究で作成した誤嚥を起こさないための食事介助の知識の尺度は，十分な信頼性および妥当性を有した尺度であり，介護施設職員の知識の程度を把握するうえで有用なツールになることが示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the level of knowledge among nurses and care staff pertaining to mealtime assistance, in order to reduce the risk of aspiration in their service users. The subjects were 469 nurses and care staff who provided mealtime assistance on a daily basis at 15 nursing homes for the elderly in Hokkaido. The results of the exploratory factor analysis were judged to be a one-factor structure, and 14 items were extracted. The evaluation of the results of the factor analysis, the examination of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the examination of confirmatory factor analysis, and the criterion-related validity were all statistically significant. We therefore propose that the scale developed in this study is sufficiently reliable and valid, and could be a useful tool in assessing the level of knowledge among nurses and care staff regarding proper mealtime assistance to prevent aspiration.