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はじめに
1999(平成11)年の「全国消費実態調査」11)によると,パソコン普及率が37.7%,携帯電話普及率が64.9%を越えた。特に30〜59歳問でのパソコンの普及率は40%を越えており,2.5人に1人はパソコンを持っていることになる。また,携帯電話は前回の調査(1994年)では項目としてあがっていなかったが,この5年間で急増した。このようなパソコンや携帯電話の普及に伴い,電子メールによるコミュニケーションやインターネットによる情報提供は今後ますます増加し,医療や看護においても患者や家族とのコミュニケーションのあり方に変化が現われると考えられる。瀬戸ら9)によると,糖尿病外来で電子メールを使った看護相談へのニーズ・興味を調査したところ,興味を示した人が6割以上を占めた,その理由としては「緊急時」や「体調が悪い時」,「ちょっとしたアドバイスがほしい」などがあげられている.
電子メールによるコミュニケーションの利点は,「簡便である」,「時間を気にせずに訊きたい時に訊ける」などがあり,特に携帯電話は「緊急時にも対応できる」という点があげられる。在宅で医療・看護を受ける患者とその家族は.病院のように手軽に医療者とコミュニケーションがとれず,孤立化する可能性が強い2)。
This study examined the ideal method of care offering that utilizes e-mail, through reviewing of the actual case of a patient who received terminal care at home from his family members. They had good relations with medical staff through the effective use of e-mail. which made the patient and his families feel that they were cared and made it possible for the family members to take care of him.
From the interview, it was found that they used communications equipment for two purposes: (1) to collect information through the internet and (2) to be taken care of through e-mail using a personal computer and a cellular phone. During the contact between the care giver of this study and the family members, it was also found that the e-mail on cellular phones could also be useful for offering care services.
Communications through e-mail on personal computers and cellular phones will increase more and more. Even though the effectiveness of e-mail used in nursing care has been confirmed overseas, studies on this matter in Japan from the cultural and social viewpoints is still insufficient. It is desirable that research will be further developed in many fields, including new problems arising from the use of e-mail such as nursing care fees, and the communication methods between care givers and client's family members who are out at work.
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