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自然免疫はマクロファージや樹状細胞がToll様受容体(TLR)などのパターン認識受容体により微生物由来の構成分子を認識して炎症性サイトカインやI型インターフェロンの産生を行い,Tリンパ球へ抗原提示して獲得免疫に反応を引き渡すシステムである.TLR1,TLR2,TLR4,TLR5,TLR6は細胞膜上に存在し,細菌の細胞表面分子を認識し,TLR3,TLR7,TLR9はエンドソーム内に存在し微生物由来の核酸を認識する.時としてTLR7,9は自己のDNAやRNAを認識する場合があり,このような自己の分子のTLRの認識が全身性ループスエリテマトーデスや尋常性乾癬などの自己免疫疾患の病態形成に重要と考えられている.
In the innate immune system, macrophages and dendritic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), produce inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, and prime antigen-specific adaptive immunity by presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR6 are located in the cell surface and recognize bacterial cell surface molecules. TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 are located in the endosome and recognize microbial nucleic acids, but sometimes TLR7 and TLR9 recognize self DNA or RNA. Recognition of self molecules by TLRs is regarded to be essential for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis vulgaris.
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