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Ⅰ.はじめに
脳動脈瘤破裂によるくも膜下出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage:SAH)は,現在においても予後不良となる患者が少なくない20).そのため,未破裂脳動脈瘤の破裂予防は極めて重要である9,31).一方,近年の多施設共同研究UCAS-Japanなどによって,日本人の脳動脈瘤の破裂リスクが明らかとなりつつあり28),脳動脈瘤の局在,サイズなどがそのリスクを決定することが判明している.しかし,直径3mm未満の極めて小さな脳動脈瘤も少なからず破裂することが広く知られており17,29),今後,未破裂脳動脈瘤の破裂リスクを評価する際には脳動脈瘤壁の厚さ13)など,新たなバイオマーカーが重要な因子になると考えられている5).
近年,動脈瘤内の血行動態を解析する目的でcomputational fluid dynamics(CFD)が広く利用されつつあり,瘤内のずり応力(wall shear stress:WSS)や圧(pressure)などの因子が動脈瘤の破裂に関与していることが判明しつつある.しかし,その解析には,複数のソフトウェアを用いて多段階の操作や長時間の計算を要するため,未だに限られた施設で研究用として採用されているのが現状であり,一般臨床で個々の症例に利用するほど普及していない点で課題を残している4,22,24,27).
今回われわれは,CFDのために必要な機能をすべて包含した単一のソフトウェアを用いて,未破裂脳動脈瘤の血行動態を脳動脈瘤頚部クリッピング術の前に解析して,その解析結果が動脈瘤壁の厚さを予測することが可能かどうかを術中に比較検討したので,報告する.
OBJECT:Recent studies have shown that computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis is useful to evaluate flow dynamics of intracranial aneurysms. However, CFD analysis still requires high costs and substantial time even now. This study aimed to evaluate whether newly developed software can shorten the time for analysis and serve useful information during clipping surgery for intracranial aneurysms.
METHODS:CFD analysis was performed in 55 unruptured cerebral aneurysms in 51 patients. The time required for analysis of each aneurysm was recorded. On the basis of CFD analysis, both pressure and wall shear stress(WSS)were calculated as the values at the systolic and diastolic phases, and also the mean value through one cardiac cycle. These data were compared between thin-wall points and other points within each aneurysm.
RESULTS:The average time required for analysis was 3 hours, ranging from 1 to 15 hours. The CFD data could be referenced during surgery in each patient. The pressure in about 93% and 80% of the thin-wall points was higher than that at other points within each aneurysm in the systolic and diastolic phases, respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between WSS and wall thickness in each aneurysm.
CONCLUSION:This study clearly shows that newly-developed software is simple and requires much shorter time for CFD analysis than previous methods. Higher pressure through the cardiac cycle may efficiently predict a thin-wall region within intracranial aneurysms, which strongly suggests that CFD analysis would be a valuable tool to determine the treatment strategy in patients with unruptured aneurysms.
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