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Ⅰ.はじめに
当施設の安井により考案されたbasal interhemispheric approach(BIH)18)は,前頭蓋底病変ならびに視交叉近傍正中病変へのアプローチとして優れた手術方法で,前交通動脈瘤手術を中心に汎用されている.BIHでは開頭時に前頭洞が開放されるため,理論的に術後髄液漏と頭蓋内感染症の発生のリスクを伴う.また同時にアプローチの途中に出現する嗅神経の損傷による術後の嗅覚障害(anosmia)の危険もあり,これらの合併症は治療予後や術後のADLの悪化に直結する.
前頭蓋底の腫瘍性病変では,腫瘍自体の浸潤などによる髄液漏や嗅神経障害の要素も加味される.今回,純粋にBIHのアプローチによる合併症の頻度を調べるため,前交通動脈瘤への根治手術例での上記合併症の発生頻度を調べ,治療成績や問題点につき考察した.
We studied the incidence of postoperative infection related to CSF leakage and anosmia in basal interhemispheric approach (BIH). Between April,1990 to March,2009,142 cases of anterior communicating (Acom) aneurysm including both unruptured and ruptured have been treated by clipping surgery using BIH. We retrospectively obtained clinical informations from medical records and video records about infectious complications,CSF leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),olfactory dysfunction and intraoperative findings of damage to the olfactory nerve. In most cases (139 patients,97%),frontal sinus were opened at craniotomy. Of all,CSF rinorrhea occurred in 4 cases (2.8%),and meningitis in 6 cases. There was only one patient who sufferd from meningitis due to CSF rinorrhea. All that patients recovered completely without deficit. Anosmia occurred in 6 cases (4.2%),and intraoperative injuries in 4 cases (2.8%). There was only one patient in whom anosmia was consistent with nerve injury. In conclusion,BIH is an appropriate procedure for infection risk control in Acom aneurysm surgery. It is difficult to avoid olfactory dysfunction completely,even if olfactory nerves are preserved in form.
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