神経活動を解釈するということ—多視点で見る脳活動の関係性

Hermeneutics of Neural Activity: The Relationship Between Brain Activity from Multiple Perspectives

20世紀から21世紀にかけ，脳科学は行動課題中の動物における単一細胞記録，さらには多点計測技術により，急速に進歩してきた。そして以前は心理学の分野と思われた領域にも，神経科学は挑戦してきている。一方で，神経科学をめぐる言説，リテラシーに関する問題点が指摘され始めている。そこで本論では，神経活動の解釈を①因果性，②部分と全体の関係性，③内部から外部への研究手法と外部から内部への研究手法の対立の3つの観点で議論する。

Abstract

From the 20th century to the 21st century, rapid progress has been made in the field of neuroscience due to the application of single-cell and multi-channel recording techniques to awake animals while they are engaged in behavioral tasks. As a result, neuroscience has challenged areas that were previously thought to fall within the field of psychology. However, several problems have been pointed out regarding the discourse and literacy of neuroscience. Therefore, in this essay, I will discuss interpretations of neural activity from three perspectives: causality, part-whole relationships, and inside-out vs. outside-in research approaches.