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全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)に併発した中枢神経障害,末梢神経障害は神経精神SLE(NPSLE)と称される。本総説では特に脳症候を呈するSLE脳症について概説した。SLE脳症を含むNPSLEの分類としてはdiffuseとfocalに分け,さらに19病型に細分化したものがある。診断に際しては臨床所見,画像検査,脳脊髄液検査,神経生理学的検査に基づいた疾患活動性の評価を行い,治療(病因治療・対症療法)を行う。病因治療導入に際しては症例において炎症性病態,血管性病態を見極めつつ適した治療を行うことが望ましい。NPSLE診療においては膠原病内科医,脳神経内科医,精神科医の連帯が重要である。
Abstract
Damage of the central and peripheral nervous systems associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). In this review, we have discussed SLE encephalopathy, which is associated with neurological symptoms in particular. At the time of diagnosis, disease severity should be evaluated based on clinical findings, imaging, laboratory tests, including cerebrospinal fluid tests and neurophysiological tests, of the patient. Subsequently, treatment involving both definitive therapy and symptomatic treatment is initiated. After introducing definitive therapy, it is further desirable to adopt an appropriate treatment approach by identifying the predominant type of pathogenesis (inflammatory or vascular). A collaborative approach involving specialists in collagen vascular disease, neurologists, and psychiatrists is important for appropriate management of NPSLE.
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