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Neurophysiologic Assessment of Disorders Affecting the Neuromuscular Junction Satoshi Kuwabara 1 1Department of Neurology,Graduate School of Medicine,Chiba University Keyword: neuromuscular junction , myasthenia gravis , anti-muscle specific tyrosine kinase antibody , excitation-contraction coupling pp.713-717
Published Date 2011/7/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100952
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Abstract

 The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse with a complex structural organization. Muscle contraction involves several steps: (1) nerve conduction to depolarize the motor nerve terminals,(2) opening of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in the presynaptic membrane,(3) generation of endplate potential in the postsynaptic membrane via acetylcholine receptors,(4) depolarization of muscle sodium channels,and (5) excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Each step can be affected by various diseases. Guillain-Barre syndrome involves distal axons and possibly the presynaptic NMJ. The abnormalities can be detected by nerve conduction studies and single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG). Myasthenia gravis (MG) with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies,is the most common NMJ disorder,and ~5% of myasthenia patients are positive for anti-muscle specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies. Patterns and severity of neuromuscular transmission failure detected by repetitive nerve stimulation test and SFEMG are somewhat different in AChR-MG and MuSK-MG. Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling can be affected by MG,possibly via antibodies against ryanodine receptors. The E-C coupling time can be assessed with an accelerometer. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is caused by antibodies against presynaptic VGCCs. This review will focus on neurophysiological testing,including SFEMG,and measurements of E-C coupling time with an accelerometer. In addition to confirming or excluding the diagnosis,these techniques can provide new insights into the pathophysiology of a variety of neuromuscular disorders.


Copyright © 2011, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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