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はじめに
アヤワスカ(Ayahuasca)は,ワスカ(Hoasca),ダイミ(Daime),ヤヘイ(Yajé)あるいはNatema,Vegetalとも呼ばれ,ブラジル・ペルーなどの先住民が古来より受け継いできた,催幻覚成分を含む飲料の呼称である。当地ではアヤワスカは太古からの神の恵みと考えられており,シャーマンが精霊と交信し病気の治療や未来を占う儀式の際に利用される6)。ビートニク文化圏にアヤワスカを知らしめたのは,William S. Burroughs(ウィリアム・S・バロウズ)による1963年の著書,麻薬書簡である。近年では欧米人が意識変容状態や霊的体験を得るために使用し,十年ほど前からは日本人も南米奥地を訪れたり通信販売により入手したアヤワスカを飲用し,その経験はインターネットや出版物上で好意的に表現されている。
今回我々は,幻覚キノコであるマジックマッシュルーム(以下,MMと記載)の頻回な使用の結果,度々精神病状態となり精神科入院治療を要した女性が,2年の期間を置いた後にアヤワスカを単回摂取したところ,精神病症状の再燃に至った症例を経験した。アヤワスカには害が少ないとする見解がある一方で,有害事象の報告もあり,含有される成分は米国においても本邦においても規制を受けている。しかし我々の調べた限り,アヤワスカの有害性についての症例報告は本邦に存在しない。ここに我々の経験した症例を報告し,アヤワスカの有害性について注意を喚起したい。
A 34-year-old woman first consumed magic mushrooms (MM) when she was approximately 26 years old. Subsequently, she consumed MM approximately 50 times;over the course of time even half the quantity of MM taken initially was sufficient to induce a hallucinogenic state. She was hospitalized at the age of 28 because she had become emotionally unstable after taking MM and entered a state of stupor 2 days later. The patient stopped taking MM at the age of 32 and started leading a stable lifestyle. She ingested Ayahuasca, a drink containing plant-derived hallucinogenic ingredients for the first time at the age of 34. On the fourth day after ingesting the drink, she rapidly became emotionally unstable and was unable to hold conversations;on the fifth day, she developed catatonic syndrome (a psychotic disorder caused by the use of hallucinogens;ICD-10:F16.5) and was hospitalized. Her treatment commenced with intravenous haloperidol therapy (20mg/day). Oral risperidone therapy (12mg/day) commenced on the sixth day when the patient became emotionally stable. Her psychotic symptoms disappeared by the 35th day. At the time of discharge her risperidone dose had been reduced to 2mg/day. The progress of this case suggests that the patient had developed reverse tolerance. The results of some studies indicate that Ayahuasca is toxic. There is need for a greater awareness of the substantial risk involved in ingesting substances with hallucinogenic ingredients particularly in the case of individuals who develop behavioral sensitization.
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