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要旨●大腸腫瘍に対する内視鏡診断においては,NBIやBLI(blue laser/light imaging)などを併用した画像強調内視鏡(IEE)により,粘膜表層の微小血管構築像および表面微細構造を詳細に観察し,精度の高い検査を行うことで総合的に判断して質的診断を行う.大腸腫瘍では,組織学的異型の程度が増し血管新生が進むにつれて,腫瘍のコントラストは周囲粘膜と比較して強調される.また癌細胞の浸潤増殖や炎症細胞浸潤,間質反応により,表面微細構造は不均一で多様な形態を呈するようになる.質的診断および深達度診断においては,JNET分類が提唱され,現在広く汎用されており,その有用性が報告されている.しかし,Type 2Bでは腺腫からT1b癌まで含まれ,さらに陥凹型病変ではvessel patternとsurface patternの認識が困難となる場合があり,一部の病変ではpit pattern診断の併用を検討する必要がある.また白色不透明物質(WOS)の存在により血管の視認が困難な場合には,その形態がsurface patternの代替評価指標となりうる.
In the endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal tumors, image-enhanced endoscopy(IEE), such as narrow band imaging(NBI)and blue laser/light imaging, enables detailed observation of the microvascular architecture and surface microstructure of the mucosal surface. This allows high-precision examinations and comprehensive qualitative diagnosis.
As the degree of histological atypia increases and angiogenesis progresses in colorectal tumors, lesion contrast becomes more pronounced relative to the surrounding mucosa. Moreover, due to cancer cell invasion and proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and stromal reactions, the surface microstructure becomes heterogeneous and exhibits various morphological patterns.
For qualitative and in-depth diagnosis, the Japan NBI Expert Team classification has been proposed and is now widely used, with well-documented utility. However, type 2B lesions encompass a wide pathological spectrum that ranges from adenoma to T1b carcinoma. Furthermore, in depressed-type lesions, vessel pattern and surface pattern recognition can be challenging, making pit pattern analysis necessary for certain lesions.
Furthermore, when vessel pattern visualization is hindered by the presence of a white opaque substance, its morphological features may serve as an alternative indicator for surface pattern evaluation.

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