髄膜腫の遺伝子・分子異常解析と予後予測のいま

Current Status of Genetic/Molecular Abnormality Analysis and Prognosis Prediction of Meningioma

Point

・髄膜腫の発生に関わる遺伝子変異，メチル化ステータスなどの研究が進んできた．

・分子生物学的知見を利用した統合分類は従来のWHO gradingよりも予後の予測が正確である．

・今後，分子標的治療薬への応用や，放射線感受性マーカーの開発などが期待される．

　Biological molecular studies of meningiomas have also developed with the development of molecular biological methods. In 2013, Clark et al. reported that driver genetic mutations other than NF2, including TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO, were associated with meningioma development. In 2017, Sahm et al. proposed a classification of meningiomas based on global methylation status, which was more accurate in predicting prognosis than conventional WHO grading. In 2022, based on this classification, various groups reported an integrated classification that comprehensively included some biological molecular abnormalities, such as DNA mutations, copy number alterations, and RNA sequences. This field is expected to elucidate the mechanism of meningioma development and further research is expected to lead to the development of effective molecularly targeted therapeutics and biomarkers of radiosensitivity in the future.

　In this article, we summarize the current status and prospects of these biological molecular studies.