消毒薬，ヨード，ラテックス，金属，食べ物のアレルギー

Allergies to Disinfectants, Iodine, Latex, Metals, and Food

はじめに

　英国や日本における疫学研究によると，周術期アナフィラキシーの原因薬物は，使用頻度が高い抗菌薬，筋弛緩薬およびその拮抗薬が多くを占める。麻酔科医はこれらに関する知識を有する必要があることは言うまでもないが，周術期に使用される薬物や使用物品においても患者にアレルギーやアナフィラキシーなどの有害事象を引き起こす可能性があることを知っておく必要がある。本論文では，周術期に注意が必要となる消毒薬やラテックスなどの薬物や物質におけるアレルギーについて概説する。

　According to epidemiological studies conducted in the UK and Japan, the most common causative agents of perioperative anaphylaxis are the uses of antibiotics, muscle relaxants, and their antagonists, which are frequent in both countries. Anesthesiologists must not only be knowledgeable about these agents but also be aware that other medications and medical devices used during the perioperative period may potentially cause adverse events such as allergies or anaphylaxis in patients. This article provides an overview of allergies to disinfectants, iodine, latex, metals, and foods that require attention during the perioperative period. Although these allergies’ prevalence is not necessarily high（and in some cases, it may be difficult to distinguish whether an allergic reaction is actually occurring）, it is important that anesthesiologists are thoroughly familiar with the various allergies. Moreover, adverse events may be avoided by evaluating the potential existence of patients’ allergies during preoperative examinations. It is thus necessary to incorporate this knowledge about allergies to disinfectants, iodine, latex, metals, and food into routine anesthetic care.