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重症肺気腫に対する外科的治療として肺容量減量手術(LVRS)があるが,術後の肺機能改善効果が限定的であることや,合併症の頻度が高いことから,近年では内科的治療が主流となっている.また,内科的治療の継続によっても病状の進行が顕著な場合は,肺移植手術が検討される.当院では2024年9月より重症肺気腫に対する気管支鏡的肺容量減量術(BLVR)を導入し,1例目の治療を行った.対象患者は重症肺気腫による低肺機能で肺移植待機中であり,BLVRの適応基準をすべて満たしていた.しかし本例以降,BLVRの適応となる症例の確保が困難であり,患者のリクルートに難渋している.
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valves is a minimally invasive treatment for severe emphysema. Although lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been employed in selected patients, its high complication rate and limited functional improvement have led to a shift toward non-surgical options. In September 2024, we performed our first BLVR procedure in a transplant candidate who met all eligibility criteria. The patient showed improvement in symptoms and pulmonary function. However, case recruitment remains challenging due to the strict inclusion criteria and limited awareness of BLVR. We report our initial clinical experience, highlight issues in patient selection and recruitment, and discuss the potential of BLVR as a bridging therapy for lung transplantation. In addition, we emphasize its possible utility in elderly or inoperable patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Broader dissemination and revision of current eligibility criteria may facilitate wider adoption of this promising therapy.

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