向老期の人々のサプリメント摂取の保健行動と老いに対する自己認識の関連及び影響要因

Health Behavior and Supplement Use: Relations to Self-perception of Aging and Associated Factors in Middle-aged Adults

要旨

　向老期の人々のサプリメント摂取の保健行動における看護支援への示唆を得るために、サプリメント摂取の保健行動と老いの自己認識との関連及び影響要因を明らかにした。

　対象は、名古屋市とその近郊の6つの自治体の住民基本台帳より無作為抽出した40歳以上65歳未満の住民のうち、郵送法による無記名自記式質問紙法で回答が得られた392名（回収率40.8％）であった。サプリメント摂取の経験別では、現在摂取群41.8％、以前摂取群25.0％、摂取経験なし群33.2％で、現在摂取群は、経済的負担を感じながらも（p＜.001）、健康維持（p＜.001）や加齢対策（p＜.001）を期待して、一日平均2.5±1.7種類摂取していた。老いの自己認識の〈身体の不調〉では、摂取経験なし群が最も低値（p＝.038）であった。現在の健康的な生活習慣に関連する要因は、女性（OR＝2.83）と生活習慣重視（OR＝3.09）、老いの自覚のポジティブ因子〈余裕と成熟〉（OR＝1.19）で、健康的でない生活習慣の要因は、サプリメントの摂取経験がない（OR＝0.29）とサプリメントの無効性（非摂取理由）（OR＝0.32）であった。

　以上より、サプリメント摂取の保健行動のアセスメントにもとづいた支援、老いの自己認識の理解にもとづいた健康教育、および多職種連携による支援の必要性が示唆された。

Abstract

　In order to investigate requirements regarding nursing support for health behavior and supplement use, this study aimed to clarify the relation of supplement use to self-perception of aging and other associated factors in middle-aged adults. Of an initial 963 subjects aged≧40 to ＜65 years selected through stratified random sampling of the Basic Resident Register around Nagoya City(collection rate, 40.8%), 392 agreed to participate. With regard to supplement use, 41.8% were currently taking supplements(Current Use), 25.0% had previously taken supplements(Previous Use) and 33.2% had never taken supplements(Never Used). Despite acknowledging a financial burden(p＜.001), the Current Use group took 2.5±1.7 types(mean±SD) of daily supplements for health maintenance(p＜.001) and use as an anti-aging agent(p＜.001). Of factors used to assess self-perception of aging, "poor physical condition" was higher among Current and Previous Use groups(29.4±5.8 and 29.5±5.2, respectively) than among the Never Used group(27.9±5.8) (p=0.038). Female sex, valuing a healthy lifestyle, and positive factors related to self-perception of aging(freedom and maturity) were identified as factors correlating with a healthy lifestyle. In contrast, no experience using supplements and ineffectiveness of supplements(due to lack of use) were identified as factors correlating with an unhealthy lifestyle. Based on the present findings, nursing support requirements consist of the following: support based on assessment of health behavior and supplement use, health education based on an understanding of one's own self-perception of aging, and support requirements based on multidisciplinary cooperation.