65歳未満の介護者における睡眠と高血圧、脈圧増大との関連

Relation between Sleep, Hypertension and Increased Pulse Pressure in Family Caregivers under 65 Years Old

要旨

　目的：65歳未満の介護者における介護と睡眠の複合的要因と高血圧、脈圧増大との関連について明らかにする。

　方法：対象は20歳以上65歳未満の在宅療養者の介護者45名と介護を行っていない一般成人90名とした。調査は自記式質問紙と血圧測定とした。分析にはχ²検定、Studentのt検定、Spearman相関係数ならびにロジスティック回帰分析を用いた。

　結果：介護者および非介護者は両者とも平均年齢が53歳、男女比が1：4であった。介護・睡眠の複合的要因について性別、年齢、職業、喫煙習慣を調整し検討した。「睡眠時間7時間未満の介護者」は「睡眠時間7時間以上の非介護者」に比べて高血圧のオッズ比と脈圧増大のオッズ比が高かった。「就寝時刻23時30分以降の介護者」は、「就寝時刻23時30分以前の非介護者」と比較して高血圧のオッズ比と脈圧増大のオッズ比が高かった。

　結論：介護者における睡眠時間の短縮、就寝時刻遅延の問題は高血圧リスク上昇と脈圧増大に関連することが示唆された。

Abstract

　Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of sleep parameters with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and increased pulse pressure(PP)in caregivers ＜65 years as compared to non-caregivers.

　Methods: The study population comprised 45 caregivers taking care of patients of family members at home and 90 normal controls(non-caregivers)selected from the general population. Self-written questionnaire on sleep and blood pressure data were obtained. The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, Student's t test, Spearman correlation coefficients, and logistic regression analysis.

　Results: The mean age of all subjects was 53 years(20 to 64 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1: 4. The logistic regression analysis was adjusted for gender, age, occupation, and smoking habit. The caregivers with sleep duration ＜7 hours showed significantly greater odds ratios for both hypertension and increased PP than the non-caregivers with sleep duration ≧7 hours. The odds ratios for hypertension and increased PP in the caregivers with bedtime after 23:30 were significantly higher in comparison to those in the non-caregivers with bedtime before 23 : 30.

　Conclusion: These findings suggest that late bedtime and short sleep duration increase the risk of hypertension and increased the PP in caregivers under 65 years.