人工妊娠中絶における看護のエスノグラフィー—初期中絶における看護に焦点をあてて

Ethnographic Study of Nursing Care for Women Who Chose to Get an Induced Abortion: Focusing on Early Pregnancy

要旨

目的：本研究は，人工妊娠中絶の看護において共通する行動パターンやルールを記述することを目的とした．

方法：エスノグラフィーを用いた．一産婦人科診療所での約1年間の参加観察によるフィールドノーツと，15名の看護師へのインタビューからデータを収集し，初期中絶時の看護に共通する行動パターンとルールを分析し，記述した．

結果：〈女性自身の迷いを感じる〉，〈周囲からの圧力を疑う〉，〈女性の判断能力を危ぶむ〉場合は，【女性の意思決定を疑う】．そうでない限り，看護師は『関わらない看護』をする．『関わらない看護』は，【滞りなく進める】ことおよび【嫌な思いをさせない】ことが共通する行動パターンとなっていた．看護師は，〈予定通りに〉，〈事務的に進め〉，女性と〈距離をおく〉，〈責めない〉，〈傷つけない〉，〈立ち入らない〉，〈深入りしない〉，〈人目を避ける〉，〈身体の不快や苦痛を感じ取る〉といった看護を提供していた．

Purpose: To describe common behavior patterns of nurses and associated rules while providing induced abortion care.

Methods: An ethnographic approach was used as a research method. A study was conducted for approximately one year, observing participants at a gynecological clinic, and 15 nurses were interviewed. Using the data collected from the field notes and interviews of the study, common behavior patterns of nurses and associated rules while providing abortion care during early pregnancy were analyzed and described.

Results: The nurses question a woman's decision to have an abortion when they sense the woman's hesitation, suspect her of being pressured from people around her, and/or doubt her ability to make a rational judgement. Otherwise, the nurses provide “non-intrusive care”. The common behavior patterns of “non-intrusive care” were carrying out the abortion procedure smoothly and making the woman comfortable. The nurses provided overall care according to schedule in a matter-of-fact manner by keeping an emotional distance, not reproaching, not hurting the women's feelings, not intruding on her private affairs, not getting too involved, allowing her privacy, noticing her physical discomfort and pains, and providing physical care accordingly.