痴呆性高齢者の間で営まれる社会的交流に対する行動分析

Behavior analysis : Interaction and engagement among demented elderly

要旨：痴呆性高齢者間で営まれる交流の種類を明らかにすることを目的とした．介護老人保健施設入所中の6名(3名ずつ2集団)の痴呆牲高齢者を対象に，茶話会の行動をビデオ撮影した．個々の行動に対して交流の観点から解釈づけを行い質的分析を行った．その結果，「場の進行に関する交流」，「かみ合わない交流」，「求めない交流」，「表面的・受身的な交流」，「気まずい・重たい交流」，「やさしさを伴う交流」，「同意や興味を伴う交流」，「楽しみや和みの交流」といった8種類のカテゴリを見出した．これらは，痴果性高齢者が営む交流における質的に陽性や陰性，中性的な特性を示し，交流の評価項目として使用可能であると考えられた．

　The objective of this study is to clarify the items of social interaction among the demented elderly. The subjects studied included two groups of 3 demented elderly : 6 persons in total, 82 ±3.9 old on average, 5 females and 1 male. We filmed the activities of each group at a tea party nine times. Their behaviors were described based on the video records and each behavior was interpreted from the perspective of social interaction. Each interpretation was used as data for qualitative analysis. As a result, we categorized them into 8 kinds of interaction stages : "interaction with commencement and proceeding" ; "involuntary interaction" ; "superficial and passive interaction" ; "awkward and gloomy interaction" ; "social interaction at cross-purposes" ; "interaction accompanied with gentleness" ; "interaction with shared opinions and interests" ; and "interaction with pleasure and comfort". These were thought to describe the characteristics of the social interaction among the demented elderly and its qualitatively positive or negative nature.