勤労者・学生を主な社会的役割としてもつ集団の日々の作業の意味の違いに関する探索的研究─作業療法士と作業療法学生を対象として

Differences in the meaning of occupation between occupational therapists and occupational therapy students from the perspective of social roles: An exploratory study

要旨：主たる社会的役割の異なる対象者間における，日々の役割に伴う作業の意味の違いを調査する目的で，大学生34名と社会人29名にアンケートを行った．調査では，日々の役割と作業の組合せを挙げてもらい，それは願望的作業か，義務的作業かを尋ねた．また，その作業に関して，健康生活への影響度，自分らしさの程度，目標の有無を尋ねた．Mixed Methods Approachを用いた分析の結果，大学生に比べ，社会人は願望的作業に有意に多く目標を有し（p＜0.05），その目標は質的にも，より目的指向的であった．社会人は，限られた時間の中で多様な役割をもち，生活を組織化して目標のある願望する作業を多く行っていることが示唆された．

　The objective of this study was to investigate the meaning of occupation among students and workers. A questionnaire was conducted on the personal activities and roles of 34 occupational therapy students and 29 occupational therapists. Similarities and differences within an occupational framework were highlighted in an attempt to determine the influence of social roles. The participants listed their own roles and the associated assemblage of activities and then were asked if these were volitional or obligatory occupations. Following this, the survey investigated the influence of the occupations on healthy lifestyles, jibun-rashisa (sense of self) and goals of the occupations. The mixed method approach analysis found that there was no significant difference among the subjects with respect to the degree of influence on healthy lifestyles, and the degree of jibun-rashisa (sense of self). On the other hand, working adults had significantly more goals in desired occupations than students (p<0.05), and have more goal-oriented occupations. Working adults have more diverse roles in a limited time than students. The study suggests that many desired occupations are carried out with goals by organizing one's lifestyle.