認知症高齢者の感情機能に着目した小集団プログラムの効果—〜「色カルタ（クオリア・ゲーム）」を用いて〜

The effect of small group programs on affect of the elderly with dementia : Using the color card game “Iro karuta qualia game”

要旨：認知症高齢者を対象とした小集団プログラムで「色カルタ（クオリア・ゲーム）」を実施して，感情機能への即時的な効果を検討した．その結果，活動前は否定的感情が優位であったが，活動中と活動後は肯定的感情の表出が多く観察された．本プログラムの特徴は，言語による出題と色彩を感情刺激として現実検討や連想，回想を促すことであり，探索的な遊びの要素が含まれる．そのため，参加者には楽しさや挑戦感をもたらし，個人的な体験に基づく対人相互作用が肯定的感情を引き出したものと考える．肯定的感情は，主観的幸福感やwell-beingといった健康状態に強く関連するため，認知症をもつ参加者の心理的ニーズを満たしていた可能性がある．

　The color card game “Iro karuta qualia game” was used on small a group occupational therapy program for the elderly with dementia and the immediate effects were examined. The results indicate that while negative affects were dominant prior to the activity, many positive affects were also observed during and after the activity. An objective of this program was to promote reality orientation, association and reminiscence as affected by stimulation with questions and the colors themselves. An element of exploratory play was also included. Therefore, the game brought the participants feelings of both pleasure and challenge resulting from interpersonal interaction based on the personal experience eliciting positive affect. The positive affect might satisfy the psychological needs of the elderly with dementia, and is strongly related to their health conditions such as subjective feelings of happiness and well-being.