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Ⅰ.はじめに
頚部の外傷が原因で動脈解離や動脈瘤形成などの血管損傷を来すことはよく知られている5,14,22,27).内頚動脈系・椎骨動脈系の損傷は脳虚血症状を引き起こすため,脳神経外科医が治療を担うことが多い.外頚動脈の動脈瘤形成の多くは仮性動脈瘤であり,脳への血行動態に影響を及ぼさず,有痛性(ときには無痛性)の腫瘤で発症し,出血破綻の程度によっては出血性ショックや気道閉塞に至る15,24,25).過去には,原因不明の頚部腫瘤としてドレナージや生検を試みて大出血を来したことが報告されている20,21).一方で,特発性とされるものの中に出血のない真性の動脈瘤も含まれているようで,長期間経過観察のみで何ら病状の進行がなかったとの報告2,11)も散見され,症状が進行性であるかどうかを見極める必要がある.
形成外科,耳鼻科,血管外科などで治療されることが多いが,アテローム性頚部頚動脈疾患を治療する機会の多い脳神経外科医にとっては日常よく経験している手術領域であり,直達術あるいは血管内治療のどちらの治療法にも熟達していることにより,症例ごとに適切な治療の選択が可能である.今回われわれは,脳神経外科医にとっては遭遇する機会の少ない,頚部外頚動脈仮性動脈瘤を直達術にて治療したので,文献的考察を加えて報告する.
A 55-year-old man presented with progressive pain and expanding swelling in his right neck. He had no history of trauma or infectious disease. The patient had undergone chiropractic manipulations once in a month and the last manipulation was done one day before the admission to our hospital. On examination by laryngeal endoscopy, a swelling was found on the posterior wall of the pharynx on the right side. The right piriform fossa was invisible. CT revealed hematoma in the posterior wall of the right oropharynx compressing the airway tract. Aneurysm-like enhanced lesion was also seen near the right common carotid artery.
Ultrasound imaging revealed a fistula of approximately 1.2 mm at the posterior wall of the external carotid artery and inflow image of blood to the aneurysm of a diameter of approximately 12 mm. No dissection or stenosis of the artery was found. Jet inflow of blood into the aneurysm was confirmed by angiography. T1-weighted MR imaging revealed presence of hematoma on the posterior wall of the pharynx and the aneurysm was recognized by gadolinium-enhancement. We performed emergency surgery to remove the aneurysm while preserving the patency of the external carotid artery. The pin-hole fistula was sutured and the wall of the aneurysm was removed. Histopathological assessment of the rissue revealed pseudoaneurysm. The patient was discharged after 12 days without deficit. Progressively growing aneurysm of the external carotid artery is caused by various factors and early intervention is recommended. Although, currently, intravascular surgery is commonly indicated, direct surgery is also feasible and has advantages with regard to pathological diagnosis and complete repair of the parent artery.
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