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原子爆弾被爆後に急性放射線症状を呈した急性症状(+)群と呈していなかった急性症状(−)群との間で,急性放射線症状が長期経過後に及ぼしている精神的影響について分析した。評価尺度は,被爆体験によるPTSD症状を測定するIES-Rと精神的健康度を評価するGHQ-12である。急性症状(+)群は急性症状(−)群に比べ,1)IES-RおよびGHQ-12高得点者率は有意に高値であり,2)「現在罹患していると思っている疾患数」と「原爆と関係があると思っている罹患疾患数」も有意に多く,3)主観的健康感も有意に悪かった。また,4)自分が〈被爆者である〉ことを黙秘した体験を有する人も有意に多かった。これらの所見は,1)殺戮的な破壊力を有する原爆の熱線や爆風によって生死にかかわる甚大な身体的傷害を受けた上に,一瞬にして阿鼻叫喚の原子野に曝されたという戦慄的体験,2)紙一重の差で生命だけは救われたという安堵の気持ちを激しく揺さぶる驚愕的体験(自己の体内にも密かに残された可能性が高い「原爆の発する〈死の烙印〉」を意識せざるを得ない体験)という二重のトラウマ体験に基づいていると考えられる。
We analyzed the psychological influence of acute radiation syndrome(ARS)after a long period of time in a group of survivors of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki City in 1945, divided into those who exhibited ARS(988 individuals;ARS(+)group)and those who did not exhibit ARS(2,176 individuals;ARS(−)group). The primary assessment scales used were the Impact of Events Scale-Revised(IES-R), which evaluates the PTSD symptoms resulting from exposure to the atomic bomb, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), which evaluates mental health, as well as a number of related question items. More individuals in the ARS(+)group than in the ARS(−)group showed high scores for the IES-R and the GHQ-12. Individuals in the ARS(+)group also had a significantly greater number of perceived illnesses as well as illnesses that they judged to be related to exposure. Compared with the ARS(−)group, the ARS(+)group showed significantly poorer subjective sense of well-being. This group also comprised many individuals who had once remained silent about being “an atomic bomb survivor”. These findings suggest that the double trauma of:1)the horrific experience of being exposed to an atomic field of pandemonium in the blink of an eye after sustaining life-threatening physical damage from the lethal heat and shockwave of an atomic bomb;and 2)an astonishing experience in which an atomic bomb survivor witnesses another once healthy survivor develop inexplicable physical symptoms and suffer a grotesque death, forcing the survivor to recognize they may be marked for death by the effects of radiation hidden within the body.
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