胃集団検診発見疾患の全国集計

Nation-Wide Tabulation of Results in Gastric Mass Survey

はじめに

　胃集検は昭和28-30年に黒川，入江，有賀，その他により，外来あるいは地域において試験的に行なわれ，31年に有賀がフィールドワークとして組織的な胃集検を3,000余人に実施して以来，漸次その数を増し，昭和37年に胃集検学会が発足し，これにより一つのまとまりをみた．当初は大学の教室が主体であったが，次第に大学以外の病院，都道府県，医師会，財団法人，民間団体などがこれを実施するようになり，全国的な広がりをみるに至った．

　当時，胃集検学会のテーマが胃集検方法の規格化とその統一，それによる評価にあった．そこで，有賀槐三理事長（日本大学教授）はこれを検討するためには全国的な胃集検実施状況の実態とその成績を把握しなければならないとして，昭和38年厚生省がん助成金研究班をもち，それにより学会を中心として第1回の全国集計を行なった．以後，毎年1回の集計が現在まで続いており，毎年胃集検学会総会において特別講演として理事長より報告されている．今回はこれらの各年度の集計をまとめ，考察を加えた．

　As has been proposed by Prof. Ariga of Nihon University, the chief director of Society for Gastric Mass Survey in Japan, the tabulation of results in gastric mass survey on a nation-wide level has been attempted since 1964 in order to grasp its real aspects. This is a prerequisite not only to standardization of examination methods but also to its exact evaluation from the standpoint of public health. Every year the results of tabulation have been reported at the Annual General Meeting.

　Examinees are increasing year by year. Their number in 1964 was only 200,000, while in 1968 it rose up to as many as 1,500,000. Gastric mass survey has been thus popularized so rapidly that its whole aspect is not easy to grasp; the means of collecting the results were also a little different from year to year.

　The yearly detection rate of gastric cancer was 0.2～0.3 per cent. While polyp of the stomch has been seen only a little oftener, ulcer has been observed ten times as frequently.

　Each institution has been divided into three groups, a, b and c, according to its diagnostic facilities. The c group was most substantial in its results because it was most consistent in investigation. At present, methods of examination are not uniform in their combination as available facilies are different from one institution to another. It therefore is urgently expected that some standard method of examination be established applicable to all institutions.

　Follow-up study of gastric cancer cases shows that the rates of operability, of actually undergone operations and resectability are all high. Every year early gastric cancer comprised about 40 per cent of gas trectomized cases due to cancer.