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要 旨
目的:本研究の目的は,終末期がん患者の「食べること」の意味づけを明らかにすることである.
研究方法:A 県内の緩和ケア病棟に入院している終末期がん患者を対象に半構造化面接を行い,Krippendorff の内容分析の手法を用いて分析した.
結果:対象者は,40歳代から80歳代までの10名であった.パフォーマンス・ステータスは,PS1 からPS3 で,対象者全員が食に影響する症状を抱えていた.「食べること」の意味づけとして,『食べることは人間にとって自然な営みである』,『食べることは幸福である』,『食べることは家族の絆を深める』,『思うままに美味しいものを食べたい』,『生きるために食べ続けたい』,『食べられない自分がつらい』,『命の限界を知り食べられない自分を甘受する』の7つのコアカテゴリが形成された.
考察:終末期がん患者は,「食べること」を人間や生活者という立場から自然な営みであると改めて解釈し直し,“生きる”や“楽しむ”といった「食べること」の意義と食べられなくなっていく現状に葛藤しながらも,食べられない自分を甘受し,死を覚悟することに繋がると考えられた.
結論:「食べること」の意味づけに応じて,食べることを支援していくことが,患者のスピリチュアルケアに繋がる可能性があることが示唆された.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of “eating” for terminal cancer patients.
Research Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with terminal cancer patients admitted to the palliative care unit in prefecture A. Patients were analyzed using the Krippendorff content analysis method from Krippendorff.
Result: The subjects were 10 people between 40 and 80 years old. Their scale of performance statuses were PS1 to PS3. All subjects had food intolerance symptoms. Seven core categories were formed to support the significance of “eating”: “Eating is a natural activity for all humans”, “Eating brings happiness”, “Eating deepens family ties”, “I want to eat whatever delicious food I want”, “I want to continue eating to survive”, “I feel distressed that I cannot eat” and “I know that my life is limited and accept that I can no longer eat”.
Discussion: It is thought that terminal-stage cancer patients reinterpret “eating” as a natural activity from the standpoint of people and consumers, and that while they struggle with the meaning of “eating” as “living” and “enjoying” and with their inability to eat, they accept their inability to eat, which allows them to prepare for death.
Conclusion: It was suggested that support for eating according to their significance of “eating” may lead to the improvement of the patient’s spiritual care.
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