保健婦のエンパワーメントの構造と規定要因の分析

Survey-based Analysis of the Structure and Predictor of Empowerment among Public Health Nurses

要旨

　本研究の目的は，保健婦のエンパワーメントの構造とその規定要因を探ることであり，保健婦を対象として質問紙調査を実施し，191名（40.6％）の回答から以下の結果を得た．

1）因子分析により，保健婦のエンパワーメントを構成する家族への励まし，主体性，コミュニティへの影響，仕事への肯定的感情の4因子が抽出された．

2）各因子ごとに主成分分析を行い，家族への励まし，主体性，コミュニティへの影響の3下位尺度がエンパワーメント尺度として成立した．

3）家族への励ましを高める要因は，関連職者へよく相談する，自己充実的達成動機が高いことであった．

4）主体性は管轄人口が少ない，保健婦経験年数が長い，関連職者へよく相談する，働きがい度・自己充実的達成動機が高いことによって高められていた．

5）コミュニティへの影響を高める要因は，年齢・自己充実的達成動機が高いことであった．

　以上の結果より，保健婦のエンパワーメントは年齢や経験年数を重ねることで高められる一方，働きがい度や自己充実的達成動機が高いという保健婦のパーソナリティによって，さらに関連職者によく相談するという保健婦自身の姿勢によっても高められていた．保健婦のエンパワーメントを高めるためには，関連職者に相談しやすい職場環境を整備する必要があることが示唆された．

Abstract

　To identify the structure and predictors of empowerment among public health nurses, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 470 such nurses.

　There were 191 replies, from which the following (40.6% response rate) results were obtained.

1) Using factor analysis, these 4 factors were identified as an integral part of empowerment: the ability to encourage family self-help, the ability to develop autonomy in others, the positive influence on communities, and an affirmative attitude toward work.

2) A principal component analysis of each factor was made, and three sub scales, namely encouraging family self-help, autonomy and community influence, made up the empowerment scale.

3) For developing greater skills in encouraging family self-help, the most apparent factors were frequent consultations with workers in related occupations, and strong motivation for self-fulfilment.

4) For autonomy, the most apparent factors were lower populations under their jurisdiction, more experience as a public health nurse, frequent consultations with workers in related occupations, high levels of work-life satisfaction and strong motivation.

5) The factors enhancing community influence were older age and motivation for self-fulfilment.

　From the above results,the empowerment of public health nurses is promoted by age and years of experience. It is also increased by the individual personalities of public health nurses who are more satisfied with their work and are more strongly motivated to succeed. For greater empowerment of public health nurses, this study suggests that it is also necessary to improve the workplace so that public health nurses can easily relate to workers in similar occupations.