作業に焦点を当てた実践への動機および条件と障壁

Motivation, conditions and barriers in the implementation of occupation-based practice

要旨：作業に焦点を当てた作業療法実践(以下，OBP)の方法を知るために，9名の実践者にOBPの動機，長所，条件と障壁についてインタビューを行った．その結果，OBPの動機は，実践への不満と，OBPに関する知識との出会い，成功例の体験であった．OBPの長所は，作業療法の目標や成果を明確にし，クライエントと周囲の人々のエンパワメントや専門職としての成長を促進させることであった．OBPの条件は，作業を可能にする柔軟な環境と，OBPの知識，作業に関心を持つクライエントであり，障壁は，現在の診療体制や設備，専門職として特別なことをしようとする心，心身機能への関心が高いクライエントであった．

　The purpose of this study is to demonstrate occupation-based practice (OBP) from the point of view of practitioners' experiences. Nine OBP practitioners were interviewed about their motivation for, advantages and conditions of, and barriers to adopting OBP. As a result, the motivating factors for using OBP were dissatisfaction with current practice, knowledge of OBP, and experience of successful OBP. The advantages of OBP were clarification of goals and effects of occupational therapy, empowerment of clients and surrounding people, and therapists' development. The conditions of OBP were a flexible environment enabling a variety of occupations, knowledge of OBP, and active clients. The barriers to OBP were medically-oriented physical and institutional environments, respect for professional knowledge and authority, and clients' values of remediation.