精神科作業療法に従事する作業療法士の問題意識とプログラム構成

Occupational therapists' perceptions of the issues and program constructions in psychiatric occupational therapy practice

要旨：精神科作業療法の課題を明らかにすることを目的に，愛知県内の精神科作業療法に従事する作業療法士の問題意識と作業療法の実態について調査を行った．調査票回収後，問題意識のカテゴリ化を行い群分けをして，作業療法の実態比較を行った．治療性より収益性が求められることを問題にあげる施設とあげない施設の作業療法士一人あたりの取り扱い患者数に有意差は認められなかった．一方，プログラム構成には有意差が認められた．また，作業療法士が参加しないプログラムを有する率も，問題意識の違いにより異なる傾向がみられた．治療性より収益性が求められるという問題の背景に，プログラムのあり方に関する問題があることが示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to examine current practices and problems of psychiatric occupational therapy.

　The survey was mailed to 28 psychiatric occupational therapy facilities in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

　The return rate was 71% (20 respondents). The survey questionnaire comprised of three sections:

　(a) the background of occupational therapy facilities; (b) current practice; and (c) occupational therapists' awareness of the issues.

　9 facilities described the problem of giving priority to profit over treatment. But the number of patients that one occupational therapist treated in these facilities did not differ significantly from that found in other facilities. On the other hand, the program construction was significantly different from one facility to another. In addition, the existence rate of programs (9 in all), in which occupational therapists did not participate, was lower than that in other facilities.

　This suggests problems related to methods, not only relating to the problem of the number of patients, but also to programs that give priority to profit over treatment.

　We hope for the improvement, within these programs, of a more practical managerial structure, which is necessary for the development of a successful program.