認知症の人に対する作業療法実践の文献研究—41の事例報告

A literature review of occupational therapy for persons with dementia: 41 case studies

要旨：本研究ではこれまでの認知症事例研究の作業療法介入とその結果を分析し，今後の作業療法のあり方について考察することを目的とした．文献検索の結果，720件中41件を分析対象論文とした．対象論文のアブストラクトテーブルを作成し，作業療法内容を比較検討した結果，認知症者に対する作業療法では「創作活動」，「レクリエーション」，「運動」，「体操」などの活動が多く実践されていた．これらは「BPSD対策」のために用いられ，「なじみの関係の構築」や「BPSD出現時の対応」として役立っていた．また活動を通して得られる成功体験は「自己効力感」や「生活意欲」を高めており，介入効果の持続性や在宅復帰・維持に寄与している可能性が示唆された．

　The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of occupational therapy case studies on dementia patients in order to consider the way forward for occupational therapy. Case studies regarding occupational therapy for persons with dementia were reviewed and methods of occupational therapy intervention and their effects were analyzed. The literature search identified 41 out of 720 related articles as subjects for analysis. We made abstract tables and summarized contents and effects of occupational therapy intervention. As a result, various activities (especially crafts, recreation, exercise and gymnastics) were implemented in many articles as occupational therapy interventions for clients with dementia. The findings suggest that these activities were used to improve BPSD, and were effective in building familiar relationships and caring for clients when BPSD cases occurred. Successful activities can enhance self-efficacy and life-motivation, and can contribute to prolonging effects of intervention and returning patients to their homes and fulfilling their home lives.