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Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Post-Stroke Hemiparesis Naoyuki Takeuchi 1 , Shin-Ichi Izumi 1 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Keyword: リハビリテーション(rehabilitation) , 脳卒中(stroke) , 反復経頭蓋磁気刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) , 経頭蓋直流電気刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation) , 運動学習(motor learning) pp.723-731
Published Date 2013/9/18
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Abstract : Motor recovery after stroke is related to neural plasticity, which refers to the ability of the brain to develop new neuronal interconnections, acquire new functions, and compensate for impairment. Various novel stroke rehabilitative methods for motor recovery have been developed based on basic science and clinical studies. Especially, many reports have shown that non- invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) improves motor function in stroke patients by using a physiological peculiarity that can alter the excitability of the human cortex. The interhemispheric competition model proposes that motor deficits in stroke patients are due to reduced output from the affected hemisphere and excessive interhemispheric inhibition from the unaffected hemisphere to the affected hemisphere. Considering this interhemispheric competition model, improvement in motor deficits can be achieved by increasing the excitability of the affected hemisphere using excitatory NIBS or decreasing the excitability of the unaffected hemisphere using inhibitory NIBS. Artificially modulating the neural network by NIBS may induce a more suitable environment for use-dependent plasticity and interfere with maladaptive neural activation, which weakens motor function and limits motor recovery. NIBS can be used as an adjuvant therapy for developed neurorehabilitation strategies for stroke patients. Moreover, recent studies have reported that bilateral NIBS can more effectively facilitate neural plasticity and induce motor recovery after stroke. However, the best NIBS pattern has not been established, and clinicians should select the type of NIBS by considering the NIBS mechanism itself. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms and future views of NIBS therapy and propose rehabilitation approaches for appropriate cortical reorganization.


Copyright © 2013, The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 印刷版ISSN 1881-3526 日本リハビリテーション医学会

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