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最近,所謂経口的糖尿病治療剤と銘を打つものが二,三登場して学会や市場を賑わしている。由来糖尿病に対する治療薬研究の歴史は1922年のInsulinの発見から始まつて居り,現在持てはやされているものの発表以前にも,流星の如く現れ且忘れられていつた薬物の数も少ないものではない。勿論こう言つたからと言つて,現在採り上げられている数種の薬物が過去の事例の如く,早晩消え去る運命にあると予言したり,或いは現在までに報告された多くの物質の治療面に於ける価値を批評しようとしたりするのが筆者の意図ではない。筆者は糖尿病患者の治療と言う誠に困難な又厄介な問題に対し責任のない,一基礎医学研究者としての立場から血糖そのものの生理,並びにその薬物に対する反応に注視して見たいと思う。
たまたま糖尿病と言う病気が人類に存在していた,と言う事実が古くから多数の研究者をして血糖に注目せしめたのであろう。その限りに於いては,長い間の糖尿病研究の間に培われた血糖調節機構に関する幾多の観察の集積に対して吾々は称賛の言を惜むべきではないかも知れない。
From the viewpoint that maintenance of a certain blood sugar level is an expresses one aspect of the homeostasis of the living body it is a prerequisite in pharmacological investi-gation of various hypoglycemic agents to elucidate the control mechanism of blood sugar. Now if this mechanism is assumed to be founded on the same principle as that of other physiological functions, it will theoretically consist of the following parts: 1) the regulat-ing center of blood sugar, 2) the route connecting the center and the peripheral organs, 3) the peripheral organs which uptake the sugar or output it, and 4) the mechanism which can discern the level of blood sugar. In the past works on the action mechanism of the hypoglycemic agent, there was tendency to place emphasis only on 3), and no agents acting on 1), 2) and 4) have ever been reported. In view of this, the author after general survey of physiological facts concerning these points, investigated, principally by seeking the effects of the autonomic ganglionic blocking agent, the route of transmission from the center. Sympathetico-adrenal system and vago-insulin system, which had hitherto been believed to be principal ones responsible for the control of blood sugar were assumed to be not specifically reacting systems for hyper-or hypoglycemia. Furthermore, by com-paring the effects of the autonomic ganglionic blocking agent and the adrenergic blocking agent, the author discussed the possibility of the presence of a system which will be inhi-bited by the ganglionic blocking agent, but not by the adrenergic blocking agent, and ano-ther system which is assumedly humoral-metabolic, and which is unaffected by these autonomic blocking agents.
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