在宅における重度要介護高齢者の離床状況と移乗に関わる環境因子

Out-of-bed states and environmental factors related to the transfer of older adults with severe disabilities living at home

要旨：本研究では，在宅における重度要介護高齢者の離床に関連する環境因子を明らかにすることを目的に調査を実施した．調査項目は，対象者の属性，離床状況，移乗に関わる環境因子とした．対象者を離床状況別に4群に分類し，各調査項目を比較した．その結果，環境因子のうち，医療管理・処置の有無，使用している福祉用具，移乗介助者の種別数，利用しているサービス，離床目標の有無と離床の関連が示された．移乗に関わる福祉用具の普及や重度要介護高齢者が利用可能な通所系サービスの拡充，活動や参加を目的とした離床目標の設定など，環境因子に着目した離床の支援が，重度要介護高齢者の活動や参加の促進に繋がることが期待される．

　The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental factors associated with out-of-bed states in older adults with severe disabilities living at home. Survey items included the attributes of the participants, out-of-bed states, and environmental factors related to transfer. Each survey item was analyzed after classifying participants into four groups according to their out-of-bed states. The results showed that out-of-bed states were significantly related to environmental factors, such as medical management and/or treatment, the use of assistive devices, the number of caregiver types, the use of services, and motivation for getting out of bed. Thus, support for out-of-bed patients by focusing on environmental factors such as disseminating assistive devices for transfer, expanding daycare services for older adults with severe disabilities, and setting the goal of out-of-bed activities and participation should be encouraged to promote activity and participation among older adults with severe disabilities.