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Cerebral Hemodynamics and Metabolism: A Practical Guide for Neurosurgeons Yasuyuki KAKU 1,2 , Yukihiro IMAOKA 1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Hospital 2Division of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Keyword: 脳循環代謝 , 脳血流 , 灌流画像 , 急性期脳梗塞 , 周術期管理 , cerebral hemodynamics , cerebral metabolism , perfusion imaging , acute ischemic stroke , perioperative management pp.211-228
Published Date 2026/1/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.030126030540010211

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  • Abstract
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 Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism are central to neurosurgical decision-making and directly influence management in cerebrovascular disease, revascularization, and perioperative care. Powers'classification offers a physiological basis for hemodynamic ischemia, and quantitative positron emission tomography remains the gold standard for evaluating cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction, and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Single photon emission computed tomography with acetazolamide, computed tomography/magnetic resonance perfusion, and arterial spin labeling have improved clinical accessibility and allow assessment of cerebrovascular reserve, time-to-peak, mean transit time, and time-to-maximum. In acute ischemic stroke, perfusion imaging has advanced treatment selection from a time-based to a tissue-based paradigm, supporting thrombectomy in patients with large ischemic cores. Post-recanalization phenomena, including hyperperfusion and no-reflow, illustrate the complexity of microcirculatory dynamics. Perfusion studies also inform decisions in bypass surgery and carotid revascularization. For neurosurgeons, understanding these modalities and their complementary interpretations is essential for safe and effective practice. Future integration of imaging metrics with physiological data through artificial intelligence may facilitate patient-specific strategies, standardized protocols, multicenter validation, and ultimately reduce complications while improving outcomes.


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電子版ISSN 1882-1251 印刷版ISSN 0301-2603 医学書院

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